Сталі та регенеративні системи виробництва великої рогатої худоби: огляд літератури

Фернандо Мата
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Анотація

Виробництво великої рогатої худоби залишається важливим для глобальних продовольчих систем через його зв’язок із продовольчою безпекою, впливом на довкілля, добробутом тварин та очікуваннями суспільства. Метою цього огляду було дослідити роль м’ясної та молочної великої рогатої худоби в стійких та регенеративних сільськогосподарських системах з використанням інтегрованого, системного підходу. Огляд базувався на критичному узагальненні рецензованої літератури, що стосується екологічних показників, викидів метану, добробуту тварин, регенеративних методів управління та соціально-економічних аспектів виробництва великої рогатої худоби. Було проаналізовано рамки сталого розвитку, що використовуються в системах вирощування великої рогатої худоби, з особливою увагою до обмежень однопараметричних оцінок, таких як викиди парникових газів. Було описано біологічні основи виробництва метану та його взаємозв’язок з ефективністю годівлі, здоров’ям тварин та управлінням. Були розглянуті докази щодо регенеративних практик у виробництві яловичини та молочних продуктів, включаючи управління випасом, динаміку вуглецю в ґрунті, результати біорізноманіття та цикл поживних речовин. Роль добробуту тварин була проаналізована через рамки «Одне здоров’я», «Один добробут» та «Одна біологія», підкреслюючи її інтеграцію з продуктивністю, інтенсивністю викидів та стійкістю системи. Були виявлені прогалини в поточних оцінках стійкості та методологіях досліджень, зокрема щодо довгострокової ефективності системи, показників добробуту та узгодженості політики. Результати цього огляду можуть бути використані дослідниками, політиками, консультантами та фермерами для підтримки розробки, оцінки та впровадження систем вирощування великої рогатої худоби, які поєднують продуктивність з раціональним використанням природних ресурсів та добробутом тварин

Ключові слова

агроекосистеми; добробут тварин; викиди парникових газів; зменшення викидів метану; єдине здоров’я; єдиний добробут; регенеративне сільське господарство

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