Економічна ефективність впровадження ресурсозберігаючих технологій у рослинництві Казахстану
Анотація
Метою даного дослідження було визначити, чи призвело впровадження ресурсозберігаючих технологій у рослинництві Казахстану в період 2021-2024 рр. до статистично значущого підвищення економічної ефективності на рівні сільськогосподарських підприємств. Основна увага приділялася практичним результатам застосування інноваційних технологій, таких як точне землеробство, моніторинг за допомогою системи глобального позиціонування, цифрове управління врожаєм, крапельне зрошення, дистанційне зондування та використання дронів. Дослідження показало, що впровадження цих технологій дозволило зменшити витрати на паливо до 60 %, добрива – на 18-22 %, а витрати на робочу силу – на 15-20 %. Водночас урожайність пшениці зросла на 50 % порівняно з 2023 роком і становила 1,38 т/га. Впровадження крапельного та дощового зрошення на площі близько 84 тис. га дозволило зменшити споживання води на 20-40 % та підвищити стійкість врожаю в умовах посухи. Економічна ефективність була підтверджена високим рівнем окупності: типові терміни окупності інвестицій у ці технології становили 3-5 років із державним співфінансуванням до 80 %. Регресійна модель показала високу пояснювальну здатність (R2=0,948), причому найвагомішими факторами впливу були субсидії на дрони (+106,51) та цифрові платформи (+7,29), тоді як пряме фінансування на 1 га не було статистично значущим (коефіцієнт -0,0004; p=0,685). Результати підтвердили економічну доцільність інноваційних підходів до сільського господарства в Казахстані та довели, що ефективність державної підтримки залежить від її цільового спрямування та інтеграції в інституційне середовище. Результати цього дослідження можуть бути практично застосовані державними органами для оптимізації політики субсидування, сільськогосподарськими підприємствами для обґрунтування інвестицій у цифрові технології, а міжнародними донорами для підтримки масштабованих, економічно ефективних рішень для сталого сільського господарства
Ключові слова
інновації; сталий розвиток; врожайність; точне землеробство; прибутковість
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