Сучасні тенденції застосування альфа-амілази у кормовиробництві для підвищення продуктивності тварин
Анотація
Метою дослідження було оцінити ефективність використання альфа-амілази у виробництві комбікормів для сільськогосподарських тварин. Дослідження включало систематичний огляд наукової літератури, патентних документів, нормативно-правових актів та експериментальних досліджень, що дозволило визначити основні тенденції використання альфа-амілази, механізми її дії та перспективи промислового виробництва комбікормів. Встановлено, що використання термостабільних ферментів забезпечує ефективне розщеплення крохмалю під час екструзії кормів, а технології капсулювання сприяють збереженню активності альфа-амілази під час гранулювання. У дослідженні проаналізовано мікробіологічні методи виробництва ферментів, включаючи використання бактерій з родів Bacillus і Streptomyces, а також грибів з родів Aspergillus і Penicillium. Було виявлено, що твердофазна ферментація на сільськогосподарських відходах є економічно ефективним підходом до виробництва ферментів, що дозволяє отримувати високі рівні активної альфа-амілази. Результати підтвердили, що застосування альфа-амілази в кормах для свиней підвищує перетравність сухої речовини на 4,9 % та середньодобові прирости на 27,4 %. Коефіцієнт конверсії корму зменшується на 12,4 % для птиці, тоді як приріст маси тіла збільшується на 18,2%. У великої рогатої худоби середньодобові прирости збільшуються на 16 %, а надої зростають на 1,7 %. Встановлено, що використання ферментів сприяє зниженню витрат на корми на 8-12 % та підвищенню прибутковості тваринництва. Отримані результати свідчать про ефективність застосування ферментних добавок у комбікормовій промисловості та підтверджують доцільність впровадження технологій ферментативної переробки кормів для підвищення продуктивності тварин
Ключові слова
сільське господарство; екзоферменти; добавки; вуглеводи; ферментні препарати
[1] Almanaa, T.N., Vijayaraghavan, P., Alharbi, N.S., Kadaikunnan, S., Khaled, J.M., & Alyahya, S.A. (2020). Solid state fermentation of amylase production from Bacillus subtilis D19 using agro-residues. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 32(2), 1555-1561. doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2019.12.011.
[2] Aranda-Aguirre, E., Robles-Jimenez, L.E., Osorio-Avalos, J., Vargas-Bello-Pérez, E., & Gonzalez-Ronquillo, M. (2021). A systematic-review on the role of exogenous enzymes on the productive performance at weaning, growing and finishing in pigs. Veterinary and Animal Science, 14, article number 100195. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100195.
[3] Bassi, L.S., Hejdysz, M., Pruszyńska-Oszmalek, E., Wolc, A., Cowieson, A.J., Sorbara, J.O. B., Svihus, B., & Kaczmarek, S.A. (2023). The effect of amylase supplementation on individual variation, growth performance, and starch digestibility in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 102(4), article number 102563. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102563.
[4] Bedford, M.R. (2018). The evolution and application of enzymes in the animal feed industry: The role of data interpretation. British Poultry Science, 59(5), 486-493. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1484074.
[5] Bellaouchi, R., Abouloifa, H., Rokni, Y., Hasnaoui, A., Ghabbour, N., Hakkou, A., Bechchari, A., & Asehraou, A. (2021). Characterization and optimization of extracellular enzymes production by Aspergillus niger strains isolated from date by-products. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 19(1), article number 50. doi: 10.1186/s43141-021-00145-y.
[6] Bohatko, A., & Utechenko, M. (2024). Microstructural analysis of meat and internal organs of broiler chickens using a probiotic biological product. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 15(1), 24-47. doi: 10.31548/ veterinary1.2024.24.
[7] Brinton, M. (2019). Evaluation of alpha amylase containing corn on beef cattle performance and digestibility and double-cropped annual forages following corn harvest. Lincoln: University of Nebraska.
[8] Bruch, C.A., Andrade, T.D., Rohloff, N., Ribeiro, T.P., Vargas, J.G., & Nunes, R.V. (2024). Alpha-amylase supplementation improves broiler performance and intestinal health under reduced metabolizable energy conditions. Science and Agrotechnology, 48, article number e015824. doi: 10.1590/1413-7054202448015824.
[9] Buchkovska, V., & Ievstafiieva, Y. (2023). Efficiency of feed utilization by young cattle in the rearing of feed double. Scientific Reports of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 19(2). doi: 10.31548/ dopovidi2(102).2023.008.
[10] Comtet-Marre, S., Parisot, N., Lepercq, P., Chaucheyras-Durand, F., Mosoni, P., Peyretaillade, E., Bayat, A.R., Shingfield, K.J., Peyret, P., & Forano, E. (2017). Metatranscriptomics reveals the active bacterial and eukaryotic fibrolytic communities in the rumen of dairy cow fed a mixed diet. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, article number 67. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00067.
[11] Danilova, K., Oliynichuk, S., Zavarzina, O., Kuznietsova, I., Grushetskiy, R., & Hrynenko, I. (2022). Research of activity dynamics of enzymе preparation a-amylase in the dilution process. Food Resources, 10(18), 61-69. doi: 10.31073/foodresources2022-18-06.
[12] de Faria Castro, S., Bertechini, A.G., Lima, E.M., Clemente, A.H., Ferreira, V.G., & Carvalho, J.C. (2019). Effect of different levels of supplementary alpha-amylase in finishing broilers. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 42, article number e47546. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.47546.
[13] European Food Safety Authority. (2012). Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Ronozyme RumiStar (alpha-amylase) as a feed additive for dairy cows. EFSA Journal, 10(7), article number 2777. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2777.
[14] European Patent No. EP2999352B1 “Animal Feed Enzymes”. (2016). Retrieved from https://surl.li/erjeol.
[15] Far, B.E., Ahmadi, Y., Khosroshahi, A.Y., & Dilmaghani, A. (2020). Microbial alpha-amylase production: Progress, challenges and perspectives. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 10(3), article number 350. doi: 10.34172/ apb.2020.043.
[16] Farooq, M.A., Ali, S., Hassan, A., Tahir, H.M., Mumtaz, S., & Mumtaz, S. (2021). Biosynthesis and industrial applications of α-amylase: A review. Archives of Microbiology, 203, 1281-1292. doi: 10.1007/s00203-02002128-y.
[17] Fernandes, P. (2019). Enzymes in food and feed industries: Where tradition meets innovation. In Q. Husain & M.F. Ullah (Eds.), Biocatalysis: Enzymatic basics and applications (pp. 233-253). Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/9783-030-25023-2_12.
[18] Ferreira, A.V., et al. (2020). Recent patents on the industrial application of alpha-amylases. Recent Patents on Biotechnology, 14(4), 251-268. doi: 10.2174/1872208314666200722160452.
[19] Food and Agriculture Organization. (2025). Animal feed: Codex Alimentarius. Retrieved from https://www.fao. org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/thematic-areas/animal-feed/en/?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
[20] Glaser, M.A., Montgomery, S.P., Vahl, C.I., Titgemeyer, E.C., Kubick, C.S., Glaser, G.I., Spore, T.J., Hollenbeck, W.R., Wahl, R.A., & Blasi, D.A. (2022). Effects of feeding corn containing an alpha-amylase gene on the performance and digestibility of growing cattle. Translational Animal Science, 6(1), article number txac013. doi: 10.1093/tas/ txac013.
[21] Guerrand, D. (2018). Economics of food and feed enzymes: Status and prospectives. In C. Simões Nunes & V. Kumar (Eds.), Enzymes in human and animal nutrition: Principles and perspectives (pp. 487-514). London: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-805419-2.00026-5.
[22] Iakubchak, O.M., Vivych, A.Y., Hryb, J.V., Taran, T.V., & Danylenko, S.Н. (2024). Production and meat quality of broiler chickens with the use of a probiotic complex of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 15(3), 477-482. doi: 10.15421/022467.
[23] Imran, M., Nazar, M., Saif, M., Khan, M.A., Sanaullah, D., Vardan, M., & Javed, O. (2016). Role of enzymes in animal nutrition: A review. PSM Veterinary Research, 1(2), 38-45.
[24] Japanese Patent No. JP6560214B2 “Mutant α-Amylase with Reduced Sensitivity to Protease Cleavage and Method of Use Thereof”. (2019). Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/patent/JP6560214B2/en.
[25] Johnson, M.A. (2019). The effects of feeding corn containing an alpha-amylase gene on the performance and digestibility of growing cattle. Manhattan: Kansas State University.
[26] Kiribayeva, A., Silayev, D., Abdullayeva, A., Shamsiyeva, Y., Ramankulov, Y., & Khassenov, B. (2022). Hydrolysis of plant biomass using recombinant alpha-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis and xylanase from Bacillus sonorensis. Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology, 4, 31-39. doi: 10.11134/btp.4.2022.4.
[27] Kropyvka, Y., Bomko, V., & Tytariova, O. (2024). Efficiency of using different levels of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt in cow feeding. Animal Science and Food Technology, 15(1), 29-41. doi: 10.31548/ animal.1.2024.29.
[28] Liang, Q., Yuan, M., Xu, L., Lio, E., Zhang, F., Mou, H., & Secundo, F. (2022). Application of enzymes as a feed additive in aquaculture. Marine Life Science & Technology, 4(2), 208-221. doi: 10.1007/s42995-022-00128-z.
[29] Martens, B.M., Bruininx, E.M., Gerrits, W.J., & Schols, H.A. (2020). The importance of amylase action in the porcine stomach to starch digestion kinetics. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 267, article number 114546. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114546.
[30] Melnichuk, N., Braia, M.J., Anselmi, P.A., Meini, M.R., & Romanini, D. (2020). Valorization of two agroindustrial wastes to produce alpha-amylase enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae by solid-state fermentation. Waste Management, 106, 155-161. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.025.
[31] Meschiatti, M.A., Gouvêa, V.N., Pellarin, L.A., Batalha, C.D., Biehl, M.V., Acedo, T.S., Dórea, J.R., Tamassia, L.F., Owens, F.N., & Santos, F.A. (2019). Feeding the combination of essential oils and exogenous α-amylase increases performance and carcass production of finishing beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 97(1), 456471. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky415.
[32] Montayev, S., Montayeva, N., Taudaeva, A., Ryskaliyev, M., & Zharylgapov, S. (2023). Investigation of the compositional raw mixtures for preparation of the sintered microporous material and mineral feed additives. Evergreen, 10(3), 1296-1306. doi: 10.5109/7151675.
[33] Montayeva, N.S., Montayev, S.A., & Montayeva, A.S. (2023). Studies of Montmorillonitic (Bentonite) clay of Western Kazakhstan as a therapeutic mineral feed additive for animals and poultry. Agricultural Research, 12(2), 226-231. doi: 10.1007/s40003-022-00634-7.
[34] Motahar, S.F., Khatibi, A., Salami, M., Ariaeenejad, S., Emam-Djomeh, Z., Nedaei, H., Kavousi, K., Mamaghani, A.S., & Salekdeh, G.H. (2020). A novel metagenome-derived thermostable and poultry feed compatible α-amylase with enhanced biodegradation properties. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 164, 2124-2133. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.064.
[35] Movahedpour, A., Asadi, M., Khatami, S.H., Taheri-Anganeh, M., Adelipour, M., Shabaninejad, Z., Ahmadi, N., Irajie, C., & Mousavi, P. (2022). A brief overview on the application and sources of α-amylase and expression hosts properties in order to production of recombinant α-amylase. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 69(2), 650-659. doi: 10.1002/bab.2140.
[36] Novakovska, V.Y. (2020). Influence of multi-enzyme composition of cellulosolytic and amylolytic enzymes on carbohydrate digestion in pigs. Bila Tserkva: Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University.
[37] Ojha, B.K., Singh, P.K., & Shrivastava, N. (2019). Enzymes in the animal feed industry. In M. Kuddus (Ed.), Enzymes in food biotechnology: Production, applications, and future prospects (pp. 93-109). London: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-813280-7.00007-4.
[38] Pech-Cervantes, A.A., Ferrarretto, L.F., & Ogunade, I.M. (2022). Meta-analysis of the effects of the dietary application of exogenous alpha-amylase preparations on performance, nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science, 100(8), article number skac189. doi: 10.1093/ jas/skac189.
[39] Pham, V.H., Kim, J., Shim, J., Chang, S., & Chung, W. (2021). Purification and characterization of strong simultaneous enzyme production of protease and α-Amylase from an extremophile-Bacillus sp. FW2 and its possibility in food waste degradation. Fermentation, 8(1), article number 12. doi: 10.3390/fermentation8010012.
[40] Rebello, S., Balakrishnan, D., Anoopkumar, A.N., Sindhu, R., Binod, P., Pandey, A., & Aneesh, E.M. (2019). Industrial enzymes as feed supplements – advantages to nutrition and global environment. In B. Parameswaran, S. Varjani & S. Raveendran (Eds.), Green Bio-processes: Enzymes in industrial food processing (pp. 293-304). Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-3263-0_15.
[41] Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council No 1831/2003 “On Additives for Use in Animal Nutrition”. (2003, September). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2003/1831/oj/eng.
[42] Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council No 767/2009 “On the Placing on the Market and Use of Feed, Amending European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 and repealing Council Directive 79/373/EEC, Commission Directive 80/511/EEC, Council Directives 82/471/EEC, 83/228/EEC, 93/74/ EEC, 93/113/EC and 96/25/EC and Commission Decision 2004/217/EC”. (2009, July). Retrieved from https:// eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/UK/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009R0767.
[43] Rusche, W.C., Walker, J.A., & Smith, Z.K. (2020). Effect of inclusion rate of silage with or without alpha-amylase trait on finishing steer growth performance, carcass characteristics, and agronomic efficiency measures. Translational Animal Science, 4(2), 942-949. doi: 10.1093/tas/txaa056.
[44] Sahu, P.K., Singh, R., Shrivastava, M., Darjee, S., Mageshwaran, V., Phurailtpam, L., & Rohtagi, B. (2024). Microbial production of α-amylase from agro-waste: An approach towards biorefinery and bio-economy. Energy Nexus, 14, article number 100293. doi: 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100293.
[45] Singh, R., Kim, S.W., Kumari, A., & Mehta, P.K. (2022). An overview of microbial α-amylase and recent biotechnological developments. Current Biotechnology, 11(1), 11-26. doi: 10.2174/2211550111666220328141044.
[46] Stefanello, C., Vieira, S.L., Soster, P., Dos Santos, B.M., Dalmoro, Y.K., Favero, A., & Cowieson, A.J. (2019). Utilization of corn-based diets supplemented with an exogenous α-amylase for broilers. Poultry Science, 98(11), 58625869. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez290.
[47] Sujani, S., & Seresinhe, R.T. (2015). Exogenous enzymes in ruminant nutrition: A review. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 9(3), 85-99. doi: 10.3923/ajas.2015.85.99.
[48] Takiya, C.S., Calomeni, G.D., Silva, T.H., Vendramini, T.H., Silva, G.G., Consentini, C.E., Bertoni, J.C., Zilio, E.M., & Rennó, F.P. (2017). Increasing dietary doses of an Aspergillus oryzae extract with alpha-amylase activity on nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation of lactating dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 228, 159-167. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.04.017.
[49] Tiwari, S.P., Srivastava, R., Singh, C.S., Shukla, K., Singh, R.K., Singh, P., Singh, R., Singh, N.L., & Sharma, R. (2015). Amylases: An overview with special reference to alpha amylase. Journal of Global Biosciences, 4(1), 1886-1901.
[50] Torres-Pitarch, A., Hermans, D., Manzanilla, E.G., Bindelle, J., Everaert, N., Beckers, Y., Torrallardona, D., Bruggeman, G., Gardiner, G.E., & Lawlor, P.G. (2017). Effect of feed enzymes on digestibility and growth in weaned pigs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 233, 145-159. doi: 10.1016/j. anifeedsci.2017.04.024.
[51] United States Patent No. US2695863A “Process for Preparing Alpha Amylase”. (2012). Retrieved from https:// patents.google.com/patent/US2695863A/en.
[52] Van den Bossche, T., Goossens, K., Ampe, B., Tamassia, L.F., De Boever, J.L., & Vandaele, L. (2024). Effect of supplementing an α-amylase enzyme or a blend of essential oil components on the performance, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 107(7), 4509-4523. doi: 10.3168/ jds.2023-24073.
[53] Vargas-Rodriguez, C.F., Engstrom, M., Azem, E., & Bradford, B.J. (2014). Effects of dietary amylase and sucrose on productivity of cows fed low-starch diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(7), 4464-4470. doi: 10.3168/jds.20137845.
[54] Velázquez-De Lucio, B.S., Hernández-Domínguez, E.M., Villa-Garcia, M., Diaz-Godinez, G., Mandujano-Gonzalez, V., Mendoza-Mendoza, B., & Álvarez-Cervantes, J. (2021). Exogenous enzymes as zootechnical additives in animal feed: A review. Catalysts, 11(7), article number 851. doi: 10.3390/catal11070851.
[55] Yrgynbayeva, S., Mamytova, N., Serbayeva, A., Amirova, A., & Alayeva, S. (2024). Impact of carbon source for the synthesis of α-amylase in rice callus culture. BIO Web of Conferences, 100, article number 03018. doi: 10.1051/ bioconf/202410003018.
[56] Zhou, H., Wu, Y., Sun, X., Yin, D., Wang, Y., Mahmood, T., & Yuan, J. (2021). Effects of exogenous α-(1, 4)-amylase on the utilisation of corn starch and glucose metabolism in broiler chickens. Animal, 15(11), article number 100396. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100396.