THE AMOUNT OF WEEDS AND THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT SOWING DEPENDING ON AGROTECHNOLOGY WITH BIOLOGIZATION ELEMENTS IN CONDITIONS OF POLISSYA

Winter wheat is sensitive to weed competition in the early stages of growth and development. An effective factor in the control of weeds is a system of basic soil cultivation. Prolonged application of moldboardless methods of soil cultivation in the experiment led to an increase of weeds amount in crops. On average, during 3 years of observations in the phase of shoots in agrotechnologies without fertilization on the basis of shallow moldboardless cultivation, the weeds amount of winter wheat crops was higher by 18.5%, and a moldboardless – by 33.3% compared to the moldboard. In agrotechnologies with organo-mineral system and disk cultivation, the amount of weeds was larger by 14.5% and the moldboardless – by 20.2% compared to the moldboard cultivation. During the harvesting period in case without fertilizers for shallow moldboardless tillage the amount of weeds by 20.0%, and for moldboardless – by 31.3% was higher than the moldboard. At the organo-mineral system in the phase of waxy ripeness of culture, the amount of weeds leveled on all variants of tillage with the tendency to decrease the index on the disk cultivation. The largest air-dry mass of weeds in the experiment was recorded for constant tillage of the soil with a moldboardless – 82 g/m² (without fertilizers) and 76.5 g/m² (fertilized background), which significantly exceeded the corresponding indicators in case of disk cultivation. During the growing season of culture, the weeds amount of crops increased by 46-50% on unfertilized agrobackgrounds, and in the organomineral system the figure increased by only 5-26%. In-group composition wintering and winter segetals prevailed. At the same time, the method of basic cultivation did not have a significant effect on the correlation between biological groups of weeds. In fertilized phases in the phase of waxy ripeness in the structure of the weed group, the share of spring late weeds decreased relatively to non-fertilizer cases. The best winter wheat productivity provided methods of shallow moldboardless cultivation. So, with yields at the control (plowing without fertilizers) 19.6 c/ha, growth in the backgrounds of the indicated cultivation was 1.6 c/ha or 7.9%. The yield of the crop on the variants of moldboard and moldboardless cultivation was equivalent