THE MORPHOMETRIC INDEXES OF GLANDS OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE OVIDUCT IN DOMESTIC BIRDS

The peculiarities of morphometric indexes of glands of the mucous membrane of the oviduct in hens, quails, guinea fowls, ducks, gooses have been studied during oviposition. The research has been conducted on the basis of morphological laboratory of anatomy and histology departments of the Zhytomyr National Agroecological University (Zhytomyr, Ukraine). Microscopic, morphometric and statistic methods of research have been applied. The lamina propria of the mucosa of the oviduct of birds represented by loose fibrous connective tissue. In all parts of the body, except the vagina, it contains simple tubular branched glands. Diameter of secretory parts of the glands, the volume of cytoplasm and nuclear-cytoplasmatic attitude of glandulocytes is labile indicators and are closely associated with the functional activity of these cells, which are determined by the phase of the secretory cycle. In the presence of eggs in the uterus of the oviduct of quails, Guinea fowl, chickens, ducks, geese high indexes of glandulocytes volume of the magnum and the isthmus on the background of low values of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (0.124±0.01-0.161±0.011 and 0.211±0.021-0.225±0.035, respectively) indicate phase of secret synthesis by glandulocytes. The submicroscopic structure of the cell of glandular epithelium of the mucous membrane of the oviduct of the quails is studied for the first time. It is established that in the glandulocyted cytoplasm among the organelles of general purpose granular endoplasmic net is best-developed. The secretory granules containing a homogeneous, large electron density material are logged between its long and dilated tubules. In the presence of eggs in the uterus of the oviduct diameter of the secretory granules in the glandulocytes cytoplasm of secretory part of magnum is maximal (3.45±0.21 µm), of uterus – minimal (0.85±0.04 µm). The parameters of morfometer of glands of the mucous membrane of the oviduct of clinically healthy fowls are suggested to use as normal parameters of norm when diagnosing diseases of various origins and in experimental studiest