BUCKWHEAT PRODUCTIVITY IN SHORTTERM CROP ROTATION OF THE RIGHTBANK FOREST STEPPE

The article presents the results of the research into the influence of fertilizer systems and of the buckwheat placement in the short-term crop rotation on the formation of structural elements and yield capacity of grain under the conditions of sufficient moistening of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The research was carried out on the blackearth podzolized soils when buckwheat was placed in two grain (profusion of grain crops by 80 and 100%) and one forage crop rotations. While cultivating buckwheat in the five-field crop rotation with 100% profusion of grain crops using mineral fertilizer system (N₄₀P₆₀K₆₀) the highest indicators of yield structure were obtained. Thus, the height of the plants increases by 5.6-30.2 cm, the quantity of grains from one plant by 7-7.8 pcs, the weight of grain from one plant by 0.25-0.29 g, the weight of 1000 grains by 0.6-1.7 g. While cultivating buckwheat in the crop rotation with 80% profusion of grain crops using mineral fertilizer system (N₄₀P₆₀K₆₀) the plants grew up to 96.8 cm, the quantity of grains from one plant amounted to 60 pcs, the weight of grain from one plant was 1.55 g and the weight of 1000 grains 25.9 g. The lowest elements of the yield structure were formed during the after-cut seeding of buckwheat after winter crops for green fodder in the forage crop rotation using organic fertilizer system. On average, placing buckwheat in the shortterm crop rotation with 100% profusion of grain crops using mineral fertilizer system (N₄₀P₆₀K₆₀) during three years of research ensures obtaining of the highest grain yield – 2.53 t/ha. Yield capacity of buckwheat grain decreases by 0.12 t/ha while placing it in the short-term crop rotation with 80% profusion of grain crops using mineral fertilizer system. During the after-cut seeding of buckwheat after winter crops for green fodder using organic fertilizer system (aftereffect of 80 t of mold) the grain yield capacity achieved the level of 1.8 t/ha