INFLUENCE OF THE LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF THE BASIC SOIL CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ON FORMING THE WEED COMPONENT OF WINTER WHEAT SOWS

The results of investigations of the long-term application of the systems of the main soil cultivation to the quantitative indices of the weed component of wheat-wheat seedlings are described. The research was conducted in the four-field crop rotation of stationary experience in 2009–2016 and is being conducted today at the Khmelnitsky State Agricultural Experimental Station at the Institute of Forage and Agriculture of the Podolia NAAN. It was found that the unploded system of main treatment compared with the plow resulted in an increase in the number of weeds by 84% in mineral fertilizers and 84% in organo-mineral fertilizers. Vegetative raw mass of weeds in non-soft systems grew, comparatively with plow, against the background of mineral fertilizers by 20% and 21% by organo-mineral. Against the background of mineral fertilizers, the total number of weeds was less than in the organomineral (36%), vegetative crude mass – less by 33%. In non-branch systems, the number of species increased in comparison with the plow on 8 (80%) against the background of mineral and 5 (36%) against the background of organo-mineral fertilizers. Fluctuating, surface and minimum systems of the main soil treatment on the background of organo-mineral fertilizers led to the creation of the most diverse species of weed components of winter wheat agrocenosis. In unconventional systems, the total number of species was greater to plow on 10–80% against the background of mineral fertilizers and 21–76% – organo-mineral. Particular attention on both backgrounds of the fertilizer has been caused by the rapid increase in the number of perennials and wintering species in unplugged systems. The most common species of weeds – blue squirrel mice – 17% of the total weed in the background of mineral fertilizers and 18% against the background of organo-mineral. In total, 19 species of weeds have been found in agrocenosis. The most favorable for wheat, the winter phytosanitary condition of crops, both in the background of mineral and organo-mineral fertilizers, was created under the plow system of basic soil treatment, which included discarding the stubble of the predecessor on 10–12 cm immediately after the rainbow eruption and sputum for 20–22 cm after 10–12 days