Pasteurellosis in farm animals

Assiya Mussayeva, Sholpan Baramova, Kuandyk Shynybaev, Batyrbek Aitzhanov, Alim Bizhanov
Received: 12.01.2025 Revised: 15.07.2025 Accepted: 27.08.2025
Retrieved from Vol. 28, No. 8, 2025 Pages: 9-19
Download article Read article

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological properties of Pasteurella multocida strains circulating among farm and wild animals in Kazakhstan, particularly saigas, to optimise the diagnostics and prevention of pasteurellosis. The study employed bacteriological, microscopic, and biochemical methods to analyse 20 samples of biomaterial collected from saigas and farm animals: 10 samples from specimens from Torgai village (Dzangeldy district, Kostanay region, Kazakhstan) and 10 samples from specimens from Kaztalov district (West Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan). The study found that all isolates (100%, n=60) belonged to Pasteurella multocida biovar ovis: greyish-white colonies 1-2 mm in diameter were formed on meat-peptone agar without haemolysis, gram-negative bipolar rods were detected in smears, and fermentation of glucose, sucrose, mannose, and trehalose was accompanied by the formation of acid without gas (in 100% of cases). Bioassays on 10 white mice (weight 16-20 g) showed 100% mortality within 48 hours after injection of 0.2 ml of culture, with haemorrhages in the heart, liver necrosis, and exudate in the abdominal cavity. Statistical analysis (Fisher’s test) revealed no significant differences between the 2015 and 2023 isolates (p>0.05), confirming the circulation of a stable clone. The findings reflect the key role of saigas as a reservoir of infection and the need for integrated measures: aerosol vaccination during migrations, introduction of polymerase chain reaction diagnostics, and antibiotic resistance monitoring. The data obtained are the basis for the development of regional antiepizootic strategies aimed at reducing risks to agriculture and conservation of wildlife populations in Kazakhstan

Keywords

saigas; epizootics; isolates; meat-peptone agar; bioassays

  1. Abbas, A., Khan, R.T., Asghar, A.Y., Shafeeq, M., & Rahim, A. (2023). Pneumonic pasteurellosis: Role of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica in respiratory disease of cattle. International Journal of Research and Advances in Agricultural Science, 2(1), 94-110. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10072315.
  2. Abera, D., & Mossie, T. (2023). A review on pneumonic pasteurellosis in small ruminants. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 51(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2146123.
  3. Abutalip, A., Matikhan, N., Kanatbayev, S., Bazarbayev, M., & Vorobyov, V. (2017). Analysis of efficiency of vaccines against brucellosis in cattle in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 10(6), 359-362. doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.16594.
  4. Ahmad, F., Mahmood, M.S., Hussain, R., Rahman, S.U., & Abbas, R.Z. (2024). Investigation of patho-bacteriological, serum bio-hematological, oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers due to pneumonic pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida in cattle. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2024(1), article number 2023177. doi: 10.35495/ajab.2023.177.
  5. Akane, A.E., Alemu, G., Tesfaye, K., Ali, D.A., Abayneh, T., Kenubih, A., Ejo, M., Abat, A., Admassu, B., & Ibrahim, S.M. (2022). Isolation and molecular detection of Pasteurellosis from pneumonic sheep in selected areas of Amhara region, Ethiopia: An implication for designing effective ovine Pasteurellosis vaccine. Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 13, 75-83. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S365267.
  6. Alarawi, F.A., & Saeed E.M. (2021). Isolation, antibiogram and molecular detection of Mannheimia and Pasteurella associated with pneumonia in sheep in Al-Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Veterinary Science, 10(2), 135-140. doi: 10.47278/journal.ijvs/2020.034.
  7. Alemu, S.A., Belachew, Y.D., & Tefera, T.A. (2023). Isolation and molecular detection of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida from clinically pneumonic pasteurellosis cases of bonga sheep breed and their antibiotic susceptibility tests in selected areas of southwest Ethiopian peoples regional state, Ethiopia. Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, 14, 233-244. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S435932.
  8. Ali, S., Tariq, M.H., Yaqoob, M., Haq, M.U., & Zahra, R. (2025). Molecular epidemiology and characterization of antibiotic resistance of Pasteurella multocida isolated from livestock population of Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine, 13(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1080/23144599.2024.2437223.
  9. Boianovskiy, S., Ushkalov, V., Vygovska, L., Mazur, T., Ishchenko, L., Rudnieva, K., & Melnyk, V. (2023). Signs of pathogenicity by Pasteurella multocida in different species of animals. Veterinarska Stanica, 54(3), 301-310. doi: 10.46419/vs.54.3.5.
  10. Boulianne, M., Blackall, P.J., Hofacre, C.L., Ruiz, J.A., Sandhu, T.S., Hafez, H.M., Chin, R., Register, K., & Jackwood, M.W. (2020). Pasteurellosis and other respiratory bacterial infections. In Diseases of poultry (pp. 831-889). London: John Wiley & Sons. doi: 10.1002/9781119371199.ch19.
  11. Buienbayeva, Z.K. (2024). Development of veterinary and sanitary measures for the prevention of pasteurellosis infection in cattle: The case of the Republic of Kazakhstan. International Journal of Veterinary Science, 13(2), 164-171. doi: 10.47278/journal.ijvs/2023.085.
  12. Buienbayeva, Z.K., Latypova, Z.A., Issakulova, B.Zh., Namet, A., Makbuz, A., & Seytzhanova, U. (2023). Biological properties of circulating strains of Pasteurella multocida in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Science, Knowledge, and Life, 1(70), 59-65. doi: 10.52578/2305-9397-2023-1-1-59-65.
  13. Coico, R. (2006). Gram staining. Current Protocols in Microbiology, 1. doi: 10.1002/9780471729259.mca03cs00.
  14. Costa, T.D., Timoteo, J.L., Magajevski, F.S., & Diniz, J.A. (2023). Infection and systemic complications by Pasteurella Spp. in a rabbit: A case study. Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação, 9(8), 2591-2603. doi: 10.51891/rease.v9i8.11105.
  15. Cuevas, I., Carbonero, A., Cano, D., García-Bocanegra, I., Amaro, M.Á., & Borge, C. (2020). Antimicrobial resistance of Pasteurella multocida type B isolates associated with acute septicemia in pigs and cattle in Spain. BMC Veterinary Research, 16, article number 222. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02442-z.
  16. D’Amico, F., Messina, D., Casalino, G., Schiavitto, M., Bove, A., Romito, D., D’Onghia, F., Camarda, A., & Circella, E. (2024). Characterisation of Pasteurella multocida strains from different lesions in rabbits. Animals, 14(11), article number 1569. doi: 10.3390/ani14111569.
  17. Davydovych, V., Shevchenko, L., Melnyk, V., Busol, L., & Pylypchuk, O. (2025). Quality and safety of chicken eggs after washing and disinfection with a chlorine-containing agent. Animal Science and Food Technology, 16(1), 141-157. doi: 10.31548/animal.1.2025.141.
  18. Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council No. 2010/63/EU “On the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes”. (2010, September). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32010L0063.
  19. Hasani, S.J., Enferadi, A., Sarani, S., & Nofouzi, K. (2024). A review of pasteurellosis in humans and animals. Journal of Zoonotic Diseases, 9(3), 838-851. doi: 10.22034/jzd.2024.18077.
  20. Hashem, Y.M., Mousa, W.S., Abdeen, E.E., Abdelkhalek, H.M., Nooruzzaman, M., El-Askary, A., Ismail, K., Megahed, A., Abdeen, A., Soliman, E., & Wareth, G. (2022). Prevalence and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma species, Pasteurella multocida, and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from calves with respiratory manifestations. Animals, 12(3), article number 312. doi: 10.3390/ani12030312.
  21. Irgashev, A., Kalandarova, Z., Amirakulov, M., Yethindra, V., & Tagaev, T. (2020). Age-dependent alterations in gross appearance and histology of the conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (Calt) in pigs. Veterinary Practitioner, 21(1), 38-41.
  22. Kuhlmann, W.D. (2020). Romanowsky-Giemsa staining. Retrieved from https://www.kuhlmann-biomed.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/IET_histostain_06.pdf.
  23. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 339-II “On Veterinary Medicine”. (2002, July). Retrieved from https://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/Z020000339_.
  24. Mirtneh, Y.A., Vemulapati, B.M., Takele, A., Martha, Y., Teferi, D., Alebachew, B., Getaw, D., & Esayas, G. (2022). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the capsular serotypes of Pasteurella multocida isolated from pneumonic cases of cattle in Ethiopia. Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal, 42(3), 365-370. doi: 10.18805/ag.D-333.
  25. Ospanov, Y., Arysbekova, A., Kaiyrbek, A., Kirpichenko, V., & Karabassova, A. (2024). Determination of risks of occurrence and areas of brucellosis infection spread in the territory of the republic of Kazakhstan. International Journal of Veterinary Science, 13(6), 908-913. doi: 10.47278/journal.ijvs/2024.187.
  26. Pascual-Garrigos, A., Maruthamuthu, M.K., Ault, A., Davidson, J.L., Rudakov, G., Pillai, D., Koziol, J., Schoonmaker, J., Johnson, T., & Verma, M.S. (2021). On-farm colorimetric detection of Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Histophilus somni in crude bovine nasal samples. Veterinary Research, 52, article number 126. doi: 10.1186/s13567-021-00997-9.
  27. Peng, Z., Lin, L., Wang, X., Chen, H., & Wu, B. (2022). The public health concern of Pasteurella multocida should not be ignored. The Lancet Microbe, 3(8), article number e560. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00152-5.
  28. Peng, Z., Liu, J., Liang, W., Wang, F., Wang, L., Wang, X., Hua, L., Chen, H., Wilson, B., Wang, J., & Wu, B. (2021). Development of an online tool for Pasteurella multocida genotyping and genotypes of Pasteurella multocida from different hosts. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, article number 771157. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.771157.
  29. Sahay, S., Natesan, K., Prajapati, A., Kalleshmurthy, T., Shome, B.R., Rahman, H., & Shome, R. (2020). Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolated from ovine respiratory infection: A study from Karnataka, Southern India. Veterinary World, 13(9), article number 1947. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1947-1954.
  30. Sheraliyeva, I.D. (2022). Diplococcosis and pasteurellosis of sheep-lambs the casalliers. In International multidisciplinary conference (pp. 85-86). Manchester: TECH-FEST.
  31. Taubaev, U., Ichshanova, A., Kirkimbaeva, Z., Radojicic, B., Murzabayev, K., Bayantassova, S., Zakirova, F., & Yertleuova, B. (2024). Properties of Pasteurella multocida isolated from animals during the seasonal migration of saigas. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 84, article number e280780. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.280780.
  32. Tursumbetov, M., Chegirov, S., Dardanov, B., Orozov, J., Aidarov, M., Kursanbaeva, K., Omurzakova, M., Kasymbekova, S., Myrzabekova, U., & Sapash kyzy, T. (2024). Study of the epizootic status of brucellosis among vaccinated cattle. Bulletin of the Kyrgyz National Agrarian University, 22(5), 124-128.
  33. Umitzhanov, M., Mussoyev, A., Turebekov, O., & Akimzhan, N. (2024). Biochemical properties and industrial strains of pasteurella isolates isolated from birds. 3I: Intellect, Idea, Innovation, 4, 36-40. doi: 10.52269/22266070_2024_4_36.
  34. Verzhykhovsky, O., & Nedosekov, V. (2024). Key aspects of biosafety in modern animal husbandry. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 15(3), 41-54. doi: 10.31548/veterinary3.2024.41.
  35. Wang, H., Xin, L., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., Yao, W., Zhang, H., Hu, Y., Tong, R., & Zhu, L. (2023). Construction of a one-step multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of serogroups A, B, and E of Pasteurella multocida associated with bovine pasteurellosis. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, article number 1193162. doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1193162.
  36. World Veterinary Association Position Statement on the Humane Care of Animals in Biomedical Research. (2023). Retrieved from https://worldvet.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/8-WVA-Position-Statement-on-Humane-Care-of-Animal-Used-in-Biomedical-Research.pdf?utm.
  37. Xiao, J., Li, Y., Hu, Z., Zhang, Y., Chang, Y.F., Zhou, Q., Yan, Z., Zhang, X., Chen, L., Li, W., Xie, Z., & Xie, Q. (2021). Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolated from ducks in China from 2017 to 2019. Microbial Pathogenesis, 160, article number 105196. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105196.
Mussayeva, A., Baramova, Sh., Shynybaev, K., Aitzhanov, B., & Bizhanov, A. (2025). Pasteurellosis in farm animals. Scientific Horizons, 28(8), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.48077/scihor8.2025.09