THE MEANING OF FORECROP IN FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER CROPS IN THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The article presents a researching material about winter crops: wheat, barley, rye and triticale by influence on the productivity of their grain forecrop, form of nutrition, a year weather climatic conditions of cultivation and features of sorts. It is established that irrespective of the year climatic conditions, the best grain efficiency of all studied cultures is formed by growing them on the black fallow soil. On other forecrops, namely – on the stubble crop (winter wheat) and on corn on a silo, productivity of grain in comparison with fallow decreases, however in years, optimum on humidification, the difference in productivity levels between forecrops is practically leveled. Application of mineral fertilizers on a natural background of the forecrop promotes essential increase in productivity of grain of all winter crops which are taken in the research: wheat – for 35.5%, barley – for 15.8%, rye – for 23.5% and triticale – for 31.2% on average of the studied grades. At the same time at cultivation of winter crops on the backround of the fertilized forecrop quality of grain considerably improves, for example, the content in it of protein and gluten increases, the mass of 1000 seeds increases